Lifecycle Energy & GHG Impacts
GHG Emissions Reductions Due to the RFS2 – A 2020 Update
Life Cycle Associates
February 12, 2021 – View PDF
Carbon intensity of corn ethanol in the United States: state of the science
Scully, M.J., Norris, G.A., Alarcon Falconi, T.M., & MacIntosh, D.L.
January 20, 2021 – View PDF
A global meta‐analysis of soil organic carbon response to corn stover removal
Hui Xu, Heidi Sieverding, Hoyoung Kwon, David Clay, Catherine Stewart, Jane M. F. Johnson, Zhangcai Qin, Douglas L. Karlen & Michael Wang
May 9, 2019 – View PDF
The Greenhouse Gas Benefits of Corn Ethanol – assessing recent evidence
Jan Lewandrowski, Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Diana Pape, Tommy Hendrickson, Kirsten Jaglo & Katrin Moffroid
March 25, 2019 – View PDF
GHG Emissions Reductions Due to the RFS: A 2018 Update
Life Cycle Associates (for the Renewable Fuels Foundation)
February 6, 2019 – View PDF
A Life-Cycle Analysis of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Corn-Based Ethanol
ICF (for U.S. Department of Agriculture)
January 12, 2017 – View PDF
Review of John DeCicco et al. Article titled “Carbon balance effects of U.S. biofuel production and use”
Steffen Mueller, PhD; University of Illinois at Chicago Energy Resources Center
September 6, 2016 – View PDF
Re-Examining Corn Ethanol’s Energy Balance Ratio
Renewable Fuels Association
March 2016 – View PDF
2015 Energy Balance for the Corn-Ethanol Industry
U.S. Department of Agriculture-Office of the Chief Economist
February 2016 – View PDF
GHG Emissions Reductions Due to the RFS2
Boland, S., and S. Unnasch, Life Cycle Associates, LLC (for Renewable Fuels Association)
November 23, 2015 – View PDF
GHG Emission Reductions from World Biofuel Production and Use – 2015
(S&T)2 Consultants Inc. (for Global Renewable Fuels Alliance)
November 26, 2015 – View PDF
Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis of High-Octane Fuels with Various Market Shares and Ethanol Blending Levels
Han, J., Elgowainy, A., and Wang, M., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory
July 14, 2015 – View PDF
Comments on “Ethanol’s Broken Promise” by the Environmental Working Group
Wang, M., J. Dunn, & S. Mueller, Argonne National Laboratory
June 12, 2014 – View PDF
Carbon Intensity of Marginal Petroleum and Corn Ethanol Fuels
Boland, S., and S. Unnasch, Life Cycle Associates, LLC (for Renewable Fuels Association)
January 2014 – View Full Report PDF – View Appendix PDF – View RFA Summary PDF
2012 Corn Ethanol: Emerging Plant Energy and Environmental Technologies
Mueller, S., University of Illinois at Chicago & Kwik , J., Dominion Energy Services, LLC
April 29, 2013 – View PDF
Well-to-wheels energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of ethanol from corn, sugarcane and cellulosic biomass for US use
Wang, M., et al., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory
December 13, 2012 – View PDF
Comparing Scales of Environmental Effects from Gasoline and Ethanol Production
Parish, E.S. et al., U.S. DOE-Oak Ridge National Laboratory
October 31, 2012 – Visit Site
Energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of corn and cellulosic ethanol with technology improvements and land use changes
Wang, M.Q., et al., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory, U.S. DOE, & Purdue University
May 2012 – Visit Site | Publication available for purchase
Securing Foreign Oil: A Case for Including Military Operations in the Climate Change Impact of Fuels
Liska, A.J., and Perrin, R.K., University of Nebraska at Lincoln
July/August 2010 – View PDF
Discussion Paper – A Comparison of Corn Ethanol Lifecycle Analyses: California Low Carbon Fuels Standard (LCFS) Versus Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS2)
Air Improvement Resource, Inc. (for Renewable Fuels Association & Nebraska Corn Board)
June 14, 2010 – View PDF
2008 Energy Balance for the Corn-Ethanol Industry
U.S. Department of Agriculture-Office of the Chief Economist
June 2010 – View PDF
Detailed Report: 2008 National Dry Mill Corn Ethanol Survey
Mueller, S., University of Illinois at Chicago
May 4, 2010 – View PDF
GHG Emission Reductions From World Biofuel Production And Use
(S&T)2 Consultants Inc. (for Global Renewable Fuels Alliance)
November 23, 2009 – View PDF
What Do Biofuels Displace and Why Does it Matter?
Renewable Fuels Association
July 8, 2009 – View PDF
An Evaluation of the Extraction, Transport and Refining of Imported Crude Oils and the Impact on Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions
U.S. DOE-National Energy Technology Laboratory
March 27, 2009 – View PDF
An Examination of the Potential for Improving Carbon/Energy Balance of Bioethanol (A Report to IEA Bioenergy Task 39)
(S&T)2 Consultants Inc.
February 15, 2009 – View PDF
Assessment of Direct and Indirect GHG Emissions Associated with Petroleum Fuels
Life Cycle Associates, LLC (for New Fuels Alliance)
February 2009 – View PDF
Improvements in Life Cycle Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Corn-Ethanol
Liska, A.J., et al., University of Nebraska at Lincoln
December 2008 – View PDF
Understanding the reductions in US corn ethanol production costs: An experience curve approach
Hettinga, W.G., et al., Utrecht University, Ecofys Netherlands BV, & U.S. Department of Agriculture
September 30, 2008 – View PDF
Update of Distillers Grains Displacement Ratios for Corn Ethanol Life-Cycle Analysis
Arora, S., Wu, M., and Wang, M., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory
September 2008 – Visit Site
U.S. Ethanol Industry Efficiency Improvements 2004 through 2007
Christianson, J.O., Christianson & Associates, PLLP
August 5, 2008 – View PDF
Analysis of the Efficiency of the U.S. Ethanol Industry 2007
U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory (for Renewable Fuels Association)
March 27, 2008 – View PDF
Life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission impacts of different corn ethanol plant types
Wang, M., Wu, M., & Huo, H., U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory
May 22, 2007 – View PDF
Ethanol: Energy Well Spent – A Survey of Studies Published Since 1990
Natural Resources Defense Council and Climate Solutions
February 7, 2006 – View PDF
Ethanol Can Contribute to Energy and Environmental Goals
Farrell, A.E., et al., University of California at Berkeley
January 27, 2006 – View PDF
USDA’s 2002 Ethanol Cost-of-Production Survey
Shapouri, H., and Gallagher, P., USDA-Office of the Chief Economist
July 2005 – View PDF
The 2001 Net Energy Balance of Corn-Ethanol
Shapouri, H., Duffield, J., McAloon, A., & Wang, M., USDA-Office of the Chief Economist & U.S. DOE-Argonne National Laboratory
May 31, 2004 – View PDF